Phosphate is a mineral that works with calcium to build bones and is needed for energy production in cells.
- Normal range (adults)
- 2.5–4.5 mg/dL (0.81–1.45 mmol/L)
- Sample
- Blood
- Fasting
- Not usually needed
- Also called
- Phosphorus, Serum Phosphate, Phosphorus Serum, PO4, Inorganic Phosphate, Phos
Phosphate normal range
| Group | mg/dLConventional units: US, South Asia | mmol/LSI units: UK, Europe, Australia, international |
|---|---|---|
| Adults | 2.5–4.5 | 0.81–1.45 |
Your report may use either unit system; labs in the Gulf often print both. Ranges also vary slightly between laboratories, so the range printed on your own report is the one to go by.
Why is the Phosphate test done?
It is checked in kidney disease, bone disorders and parathyroid problems.
What does a high Phosphate level mean?
High phosphate is most often due to kidney disease. Over time it can weaken bones and harden blood vessels.
Common causes
- Chronic kidney disease
- Underactive parathyroid
- Excess vitamin D
- Phosphate-containing laxatives or enemas
Diet and lifestyle tips
- If you have kidney disease, limit processed foods, cola drinks, processed cheese and processed meats, which contain added phosphate
- Follow your dietitian's advice on dairy and protein portions
- Take phosphate binders with meals if prescribed
What does a low Phosphate level mean?
Low phosphate can cause weakness and bone pain.
Common causes
- Malnutrition or alcohol use
- Vitamin D deficiency
- Overactive parathyroid
- Refeeding after starvation
- Antacids containing aluminium
Diet and lifestyle tips
- Eat protein foods: dairy, eggs, meat, fish, legumes
- Correct vitamin D deficiency
When should you see a doctor?
Discuss abnormal phosphate with your doctor alongside calcium, vitamin D and kidney tests.
Last updated
This page is for general education and is not a diagnosis. Normal ranges differ between laboratories, so always compare your result with the reference range printed on your own report, and discuss abnormal results with your doctor.